Eureka Lemon Tree
from $59.00
Overview of the Eureka Lemon Tree
The Eureka Lemon Tree is a small evergreen tree known for producing the classic, tart lemons commonly found in grocery stores. It is a vigorous grower, producing fruit year-round, making it a favorite for home gardeners and commercial growers alike.
Culinary Uses
Lemons are highly versatile in the kitchen:
Juice, Zest, and Pulp: Used in a wide variety of dishes from poultry, fish, and vegetable recipes to soups, sauces, and marinades.
Baking and Beverages: Lemons are the star of lemon bars, cakes, pies, and lemon curd. They are also used in lemonade, cocktails, and the Italian liqueur, limoncello.
Household and Cleaning Benefits
Natural Cleaner: Lemon juice can be used to clean surfaces, cutting boards, and kitchen utensils.
Air Freshener: Lemons can deodorize and freshen the air. Lemon peels are effective for making DIY cleaners and freshening garbage disposals.
Health Benefits
Lemons are rich in vitamin C, bioflavonoids, and antioxidants, supporting immune health and overall wellness. Drinking lemon water in the morning is a popular practice for many due to its refreshing and health-boosting properties.
Landscaping and Aromatherapy
Landscaping: With its glossy green leaves and fragrant white blossoms, the Eureka Lemon tree is both functional and ornamental. It provides shade, privacy, and beauty to gardens.
Aromatherapy: Lemon oil is used for its mood-boosting and calming properties, as well as its antibacterial and antifungal benefits.
Eureka Lemon Tree Care
Tree Forms: The Eureka Lemon Tree is grown in Standard and Semi-Dwarf forms. Standard trees have a single trunk, while Semi-Dwarf trees grow more like a bush, making them easier to pick and suitable for pots.
Size and Spacing: Although Eureka Lemon trees can grow over 20 feet tall, most are pruned to maintain a height of 9-15 feet. Plant trees 9-12 feet apart, providing more space for larger growth.
Ideal Growing Regions: The tree thrives in Los Angeles, Ventura, Santa Barbara, Riverside, Orange, and San Diego Counties.
How to Plant, Water, and Fertilize
Planting: Plant your Eureka Lemon tree in full sun, in well-draining soil, and amend with high-quality planting mix and fertilizer.
Watering: Water newly planted trees twice per week during the spring and summer. In cooler months (fall and winter), water once per week. Trees in hot climates or sandy soils may need more frequent watering.
Fertilization: Use a citrus fertilizer with a 2-1-1 NPK ratio during spring through summer to promote growth. Organic nitrogen sources like blood meal and manure are beneficial. In winter, switch to a fertilizer with more phosphorus and potassium, such as bone meal, to support flower and fruit production.
Pest Resistance
Due to their tart flavor, Eureka Lemons are less attractive to birds and animals like squirrels, making them easier to maintain in home gardens.
History of the Eureka Lemon Tree
The Eureka Lemon was introduced to Los Angeles in 1958 from seeds originating in Italy, but the lemon tree itself has a much longer history. Thought to have originated in Myanmar or Assam, India, lemons made their way through Persia, the Middle East, and the Mediterranean before being introduced to the Americas by Columbus in 1492. Over the centuries, lemons have been prized for their medicinal, culinary, and decorative uses. From ancient Rome, where lemons were used as status symbols, to the British Royal Navy’s use of lemons to prevent scurvy, this fruit has played an essential role in various cultures throughout history.
Meyer Lemon Tree
from $59.00
Meyer Lemon trees are more popular than the common Eureka lemon. This is likely due to their tart, slightly sweet, and very juicy flesh. The skin of the Meyer lemon is thinner and has a slightly orange hue.
Tree Characteristics
Officially known as the Improved Meyer Lemon tree, this hardy evergreen produces a bountiful harvest. It features dark green, glossy leaves, relatively few thorns, and small white flowers. This tree is highly valued for home gardens due to its aesthetic appeal and impressive fruit yield — even when young.
Unique Qualities of Meyer Lemons
Meyer lemons are smoother and rounder than traditional lemons, with fewer seeds and orange-tinted flesh. While still tart, they are slightly sweeter than Eureka lemons. The fragrance is a complex blend of sweet, spicy, floral notes, and a hint of bergamot.
General Care Instructions
Sunlight: Plant the Meyer Lemon tree in full sun, but take care if planting against a south-facing block wall or reflective surface, as this can stress the tree during heat waves.
Spacing: Plant trees 10-15 feet apart. Provide more space for larger growth or plant closer for smaller trees. While the tree can grow over 20 feet tall, many people prune them to keep them at a manageable height of 9-15 feet.
Tree Forms and Growing Habits
Tree Forms: Meyer Lemon trees are available in Standard and Semi-Dwarf forms. The Semi-Dwarf and Standard trees have a single trunk and branch out to form a canopy.
Dwarf Meyer Lemon Trees: Dwarf trees are topped to grow as a bush, making them ideal for pots and containers. They are prolific at a young age and can produce fruit nearly year-round.
Origin and History
The Meyer lemon tree is a hybrid native to China. It was introduced to the U.S. in 1908 by Frank N. Meyer, a USDA employee who traveled the world seeking new plants for introduction to the U.S.
Meyer lemons gained widespread popularity thanks to Bay Area chef Alice Waters in the 1980s. Their popularity exploded in the 2000s after Martha Stewart introduced them to a wider audience, making them a common ingredient in recipes and a staple at farmers' markets.
Persian Bearss Lime Tree
from $59.00
Bearss lime trees are evergreen, fast-growing citrus trees that originated around 1895. The variety was likely a seedling discovered by nurseryman J.T. Bearss. These trees produce Persian limes, which are larger than Mexican limes, typically around 2.5 inches in diameter. One of the key benefits of Bearss lime trees is their ability to produce fruit all year round.
Growth and Size
Tree Height: Standard Bearss lime trees grow to about 10-20 feet tall, depending on their location and care.
Tree Width: They can spread between 5-10 feet wide, making them a suitable option for a variety of planting environments.
Compact Planting: In home orchards, you can plant trees closer together to create a more compact and high-density orchard. Trees should generally be planted 10-15 feet apart to allow for adequate growth.
Planting Considerations
Location: Plant lime trees near walls that separate neighbors or close to the kitchen for easy access to fresh fruit.
Root System: Bearss lime trees do not have invasive roots, making them a safe choice to plant near structures without the risk of root damage.
Mexican Key Lime Tree
from $59.00
The Key Lime tree is known for producing small, juicy, tart, and delicious fruits. These limes are often used in beverages like tequila shots or sliced and placed in the neck of a glass beer bottle. The tree is vigorous and prolific, with fruits that are harvested green and consumed when they turn yellow.
Planting and Growing Conditions
Sunlight: Thrives in full sun; requires at least 6-8 hours of direct sunlight daily.
Soil: Prefers well-draining, sandy loam soil with a slightly acidic to neutral pH (6.0 to 7.5).
Watering: Requires regular watering, especially during dry spells. Soil should be moist but not waterlogged.
Temperature: Best suited for warm climates; sensitive to frost and should be protected or moved indoors in cooler regions.
Care and Maintenance
Fertilization: Use a balanced citrus fertilizer during the growing season to promote healthy growth and fruit production.
Pruning: Prune in late winter or early spring to remove dead or crossing branches and to maintain shape.
Pest Control: Monitor for common pests like aphids, scale insects, and citrus leaf miners. Employ appropriate organic or chemical treatments as needed.
Harvesting Key Limes
Timing: Fruits are typically harvested when green but can be left on the tree until they turn yellow for increased sweetness.
Method: Gently twist and pull the fruit from the branch to avoid damaging the tree.
Frequency: In optimal conditions, Key Lime trees can produce fruit year-round, with peak seasons in late summer to early fall.
Culinary Uses of Key Lime Fruit
Beverages: Enhances the flavor of cocktails, beers, and non-alcoholic drinks.
Cooking and Baking: Essential ingredient in Key Lime pie, marinades, and dressings.
Garnishes: Adds a fresh, citrusy touch to various dishes and desserts.
Washington Navel Orange Tree
from $59.00
The Washington navel orange tree (Citrus sinensis) is a popular variety of sweet orange known for its seedless and easy-to-peel fruit. It's one of the most widely grown and consumed orange varieties in the world.
Here are some key characteristics and information about the Washington navel orange tree:
Origin: The Washington navel orange originated in Brazil in the early 19th century. It was later introduced to the United States, specifically to Riverside, California, in 1870.
Fruit Characteristics:
Seedless: One of the defining characteristics of the Washington navel orange is that it is almost entirely seedless, making it a favored choice for eating out of hand.
Easy to Peel: The fruit is also known for being easy to peel, which is convenient for consumption.
Tree Characteristics:
Growth Habit: The Washington navel orange tree is typically a medium-sized tree with a rounded canopy.
Leaves: The leaves are glossy, oval-shaped, and dark green in color.
Climate and Growing Conditions:
Climate: These trees thrive in subtropical to Mediterranean climates. They prefer mild, frost-free winters and warm, dry summers.
Soil: They do well in well-drained soil with a slightly acidic to neutral pH level.
Cultivation:
Propagation: They can be propagated from seeds, but for consistent fruit quality, it's better to use grafting techniques.
Spacing: Trees should be planted about 10 to 15 feet apart.
Harvesting:
Washington navel oranges are typically harvested in the late fall through early spring months, depending on the specific climate and growing conditions.
Common Uses:
These oranges are primarily eaten fresh, either on their own or in salads and desserts.
They are also used for making juices and jams due to their sweet and flavorful juice.
Pests and Diseases:
Like all citrus trees, the Washington navel orange tree can be susceptible to pests like aphids, scale insects, and citrus leafminer. Diseases like citrus canker and greening can also be problematic.
Popular Varieties:
Besides the Washington navel, there are other types of navel oranges, such as the Cara Cara navel and the Late navel.
Commercial Importance:
Washington navel oranges are a major commercial crop in many citrus-growing regions around the world, especially in California, USA.
Valencia Orange Tree
from $59.00
Valencia oranges are one of the most popular orange varieties, known for their sweet, juicy flavor and vibrant color. They are prized for making juice and are often referred to as the "summer orange" because they ripen later than other varieties. The fruit is typically medium to large, with a thin, smooth skin that turns a bright orange when fully ripe. Valencia oranges are nearly seedless and have a high juice content, making them ideal for both fresh eating and juicing.
Growth and Planting Conditions
Sunlight: Valencia Orange trees require full sun to thrive. Make sure to plant them in a location where they receive at least 6-8 hours of direct sunlight each day.
Soil: These trees prefer well-draining, sandy or loamy soil. Ensure that the soil is slightly acidic to neutral with a pH range of 6.0 to 7.5.
Temperature: Valencia Orange trees grow best in warm climates. They are suitable for USDA Zones 9-11 and need protection from frost. In colder regions, growing them in containers allows you to bring them indoors during winter.
Spacing: When planting Valencia Orange trees, space them about 12-15 feet apart to allow for proper air circulation and root growth.
Watering and Irrigation
Watering Schedule: Regular watering is essential, especially during the first few years after planting. Water the tree deeply about once a week, ensuring the soil is moist but not waterlogged.
Summer Watering: Increase the frequency of watering during hot, dry periods, especially when the tree is fruiting. In hotter climates, watering 2-3 times a week may be necessary.
Mulching: Apply a layer of mulch around the base of the tree to retain soil moisture and prevent weeds. Make sure the mulch doesn’t touch the trunk to avoid rot.
Fertilization
Fertilizer Type: Use a citrus-specific fertilizer with a balanced NPK ratio, such as 6-4-6, during the growing season.
Application: Fertilize the tree 3-4 times a year, starting in early spring and continuing through summer. Be sure to include micronutrients like magnesium, zinc, and iron to support healthy foliage and fruit production.
Organic Options: For a natural approach, organic fertilizers like compost and manure can provide the nutrients needed for steady growth.
Pruning
Timing: Prune Valencia Orange trees in late winter or early spring before new growth begins.
Method: Remove any dead, diseased, or crossing branches to improve air circulation and allow sunlight to penetrate the canopy. This helps prevent disease and promotes healthy fruit production.
Shaping: Prune to maintain a manageable size and shape, especially if you are growing the tree in a container.
Pest and Disease Control
Common Pests: Watch for common citrus pests such as aphids, spider mites, and citrus leaf miners. Treat infestations with neem oil or organic insecticidal soap.
Disease Prevention: Prevent fungal diseases like root rot by ensuring proper drainage. Keep the tree well-pruned to allow for good airflow around the branches and leaves.
Harvesting and Fruit Characteristics
Harvest Time: Valencia oranges ripen later than other citrus varieties, usually in late spring to summer. The fruit may stay on the tree for several months without losing quality, which allows for an extended harvest.
Ripeness Indicators: Valencia oranges develop their full sweetness when left on the tree until fully ripe. The fruit should have a deep orange color and feel firm to the touch.
Usage: These oranges are excellent for juicing due to their high juice content, but they are also great for eating fresh.
History of Valencia Oranges
Valencia oranges were developed in the mid-19th century by American agronomist William Wolfskill in Southern California. He named the variety after Valencia, Spain, a region known for its sweet oranges. The Valencia orange quickly became the preferred variety for juice production due to its high juice content, fewer seeds, and superior flavor. Today, it remains one of the most important commercial orange varieties globally, especially in juice production.
Moro Blood Orange Tree
from $59.00
Moro Blood Orange Tree
The Moro Blood orange tree is either native to the southern Mediterranean in Sicily, Italy or China. Marmalade and zest for baking are made from blood oranges. Make a winter salad mixed with sliced bulb fennel and olive oil. Blood orange is also used to create gelato, sorbet, and soda's in Italy. It is also popular in vinaigrette-style dressings and to flavor some micro beers. Blood oranges are healthy, and a great source of vitamin C, like all citrus fruits. Also a valuable source of dietary fiber, calcium, thiamine, and folate. The distinct maroon color comes from anthocyanin pigments. These develop when temperatures are low during winter nights. Blood oranges grown in the United States are in season from December to March (Texas), and from November to May (California).
Fruit Description:
Moro Blood Oranges are renowned for their striking appearance. Blood oranges are medium in size and with a distinctive crimson interior that gets its color from the presence of anthocyanin pigments. The flavor is a perfect balance of sweet and tart, making it a culinary delight.
Tree Description:
Moro Blood Orange trees are evergreen citrus trees with glossy, dark green leaves. They produce fragrant white flowers. The roots are fibrous, anchoring the tree securely. The bark is smooth and brown, providing an attractive contrast to the vibrant foliage.
Uses:
Moro Blood Oranges are not only a visual delight but also a culinary treasure. Their juicy, flavorful fruit is perfect for fresh consumption, juicing, or adding a zesty touch to dishes. Rich in vitamin C and antioxidants, they are both delicious and nutritious.
History:
The Moro Blood Orange has a long history, believed to originate in the Mediterranean region, specifically Sicily. Over the years, it has become a symbol of quality and excellence. This unique variety remains integral to culinary traditions, adding its distinct flavor and color to a variety of dishes.
Cara Cara Orange Tree
from $59.00
The Cara Cara Orange has a small navel, a slightly oblong shape, and smooth skin without a blush. The tree is a prolific fruit producer, yielding oranges with deep pink, almost red flesh similar to a red grapefruit. The flavor is a unique blend of cherries, berries, and orange, making it particularly desirable. Cara Cara oranges are packed with high levels of vitamin C and vitamin A, both beneficial antioxidants that promote heart health and overall wellness. Harvest the fruit when they are firm, shiny, heavy, and emit a fragrant smell.
Growing Conditions
As an evergreen citrus tree, the Cara Cara Orange thrives in full sun. It performs best in well-draining soil. Regular watering is essential until the tree is fully established. Be cautious not to overwater, as this can lead to problems like yellowing leaves or leaf drop, especially in container-grown trees.
Fertilization
Use organic citrus food fertilizers to nourish the Cara Cara Orange tree:
Spring and Summer: Apply fertilizers with higher nitrogen content during the growing season to support active growth.
Winter: Switch to fertilizers with higher phosphorus and potassium levels to encourage healthy root development and fruit production. Citrus tree fertilizers often include additional nutrients like calcium, magnesium, and iron to promote overall tree health.
Pruning
Prune the tree during the cooler months in winter, typically around January. In summer, thin the tree by removing spurs, suckers, and branches growing in undesirable directions. Be sure to remove any shoots from below the graft and branches that receive little sunlight in the center of the tree. Clear away dry fruit, twigs, and unnecessary branches to improve light penetration and airflow. Painting the trunk with white, water-based paint before the summer helps protect the tree from sun damage.
Growth and Maintenance
Without pruning, the Cara Cara Orange tree can grow up to 15 to 20 feet tall. Plant the tree in an area with full sun exposure and good drainage. Water consistently during dry periods or if grown in containers, but avoid overwatering to prevent issues like leaf yellowing or dropping.
Sour Orange Tree - Naranj Shiraz - نارنج
from $1,500.00
Citrus × aurantium, commonly known as Sour orange or Seville orange, is a hybrid citrus fruit resulting from the cross between a pomelo (Citrus maxima) and a mandarin (Citrus reticulata). This fruit is primarily known for its sour, bitter flavor and is widely used in cooking, traditional medicine, and essential oil production. Unlike sweet oranges, bitter oranges have a more astringent and aromatic quality.
Key Characteristics
Fruit Appearance: The fruit has a thick, rough, and orange-colored rind. The flesh is sour and bitter with a relatively high acidity.
Tree Size: Citrus × aurantium trees can grow to around 20-30 feet tall and are typically evergreen. They have dark green, glossy leaves and fragrant white flowers.
Flowers: The blossoms are highly fragrant and are often used to produce orange blossom water, a common ingredient in Middle Eastern and Mediterranean cuisine.
Uses of Citrus × aurantium
Marmalade: The bitter, aromatic flavor of Seville oranges makes them the primary fruit used in making traditional marmalade.
Culinary Uses: Bitter orange is used to flavor sauces, liqueurs (such as Curaçao and Triple Sec), and as a spice in Middle Eastern dishes.
Medicinal Uses: Bitter orange is used in traditional medicine to aid digestion, treat colds, and as a weight-loss supplement (though care should be taken due to potential side effects from the compound synephrine).
Perfumes and Essential Oils: The rind of the fruit is used to extract essential oils, which are often used in perfumes, cosmetics, and aromatherapy. The oil derived from the flowers is known as neroli oil and the oil from the leaves is called petitgrain.
Growing Conditions
Sunlight: Like other citrus trees, Citrus × aurantium requires full sun for optimal growth and fruit production.
Soil: It prefers well-draining, sandy or loamy soils with a slightly acidic to neutral pH (6.0-7.0).
Watering: Water the tree deeply and regularly during the growing season, but allow the soil to dry out between waterings to avoid root rot.
Temperature: Bitter orange trees thrive in USDA hardiness zones 8-11. They tolerate light frost but should be protected from extended cold periods.
Harvesting
Bitter oranges are typically harvested in winter and early spring. The fruit is ripe when the skin turns a bright orange, but they remain firm and slightly hard.
Historical Significance
Citrus × aurantium has been cultivated for centuries and is believed to have originated in Southeast Asia. It was brought to Europe and the Mediterranean region via trade routes and has since become a key component in European and Middle Eastern cuisine. Seville, Spain, is particularly famous for its cultivation of bitter oranges, which are used to make the renowned Seville orange marmalade.
Honey Mandarin Trees
from $59.00
The California Honey Mandarin tree is available in Standard, Semi-Dwarf, and Dwarf forms. The Semi-Dwarf and Standard trees grow with a single trunk that branches out into a canopy, while Dwarf varieties are topped low, resulting in a bush-like shape, which makes them great for growing in pots. Though citrus trees can grow over 20 feet tall, most gardeners prune them to maintain a height of 9–15 feet, making them an excellent choice for home gardens. For optimal growth, plant trees at least 9 feet apart, and provide more space if you prefer larger growth.
How to Plant, Water, and Fertilize a Mandarin Tree
Planting
Sunlight: Plant your Honey Mandarin tree in full sun for the best growth and fruit production.
Soil Requirements: Amend the soil with high-quality planting mix and fertilizer, ensuring the soil drains well.
Watering
Spring to Summer: Water newly planted trees twice per week during the warmer months.
Fall to Winter: Reduce watering to once per week in cooler weather. In hotter climates or sandy soils, more frequent watering may be needed.
Fertilization
Spring and Summer Fertilization: Use a citrus fertilizer with a 2-1-1 NPK ratio during spring through summer to promote growth. Organic options like blood meal and manure are rich sources of nitrogen.
Winter Fertilization: Apply fertilizers with higher phosphorus and potassium, such as bone meal or humus, in winter to encourage flowers and fruit development.
Pest and Problem Management
The Honey Mandarin tree is relatively pest-free and not highly attractive to birds or animals like squirrels, making it an easy-care option for home gardeners.
Ideal Growing Regions
This tree thrives in Southern California counties such as Los Angeles, Ventura, Santa Barbara, Riverside, Orange, and San Diego.
Tango Mandarin Tree
from $159.00
Tango Mandarin Tree History
The Tango mandarin tree is an offshoot of Honey Murcott and was irradiated in 1995 by the University of Riverside to get seedless fruit. Since its release in 2006, Tango has become a major variety grown in California by the largest growers in the State. Find Tango mandarin at farmers' markets and grocery stores in the United States, Europe, and Australia.
Fruit Description
An excellent and beautiful piece of fruit. 'Tango' fruit is medium-sized size about 2.5" inches in diameter, and the shape is like a flat sphere with the top and bottom squashed. Deep orange color with smooth skin and sweet, tangy, juicy, and delicious flesh fruits. Very easy to peel. Tango mandarin has 9 to 12 segments that are tender, juicy, and mostly seedless. The rind is thin, smooth, and orange in color.
Tango Mandarin Tree Description
The Tango mandarin tree can produce ripe fruits in Winter to Spring, usually around February to April in Southern California. Late January in most of California, and early December in the Desert. Fruit can be kept on the tree for 3 to 4 months. Therefore, it's a very ornamental tree as well. They bear an abundant crop of fruits for the size of the tree. So start to thin in August to prevent broken branches, and produce larger fruits. Therefore, the tree produces similar size crops every year.
Planting
Plant your tango mandarin tree as close as 6 to 9 feet apart each other. In commercial orchards, there are 20 feet between rows for equipment. However, leave much less space between rows in home orchards. Trees are mature at 10-15 feet tall. In other words, a very small tree. They are also self-fertile with no pollinator requirement. Cold hardy to 32 degrees Fahrenheit. Mandarin trees are less cold-hardy than orange trees.
Buy Tango mandarin trees in-store or online, and then schedule for delivery by truck or pick-up in Chatsworth, Los Angeles, California at your convenience. Our trees are available in 5-gallon, 15-gallon, 25-gallon, and 36" boxes in Standard and Semi-dwarf forms.
Satsuma Mandarin Tree Owari
from $59.00
Satsuma Mandarin / Tangerine Tree Information & Care
Satsuma Mandarin trees are evergreen and grown in Standard and Semi-Dwarf forms. The Standard tree has a single trunk with a canopy that starts a few feet from the ground. Semi-dwarf trees are "topped" when young to promote their side branches to grow like a bush. Both are great for pots! Select a standard or semi-dwarf if you prefer a traditional umbrella shape tree. Select a semi-dwarf if you would like a shorter tree with a canopy close to the ground.
Although a citrus tree can grow over 20 feet tall, most prune to keep them short. Therefore, many grow mandarin trees 9 – 15 feet tall. When it comes to spacing, plant citrus trees as close as 9 feet apart. Provide more space to allow for larger growth. The mandarin tree is a great choice for the home garden. Its small size will serve as a beautiful ornamental, as well as provide many fruits.
How To Plant, Water, and Fertilize A Mandarin Citrus Tree
Plant a mandarin tree in the full sun. Amends with high-quality planting mix and fertilizer in soil that drains well. Water a newly planted mandarin tree twice per week during the Spring through Summer. Water once per week in the Fall and Winter, while the weather is cool. Consequently, trees in hot climates or sandy soils may need water more frequently.
Spring is the most important time to fertilize a citrus tree. Use citrus food fertilizer with a 2-1-1 NPK ratio in the Spring through Summer. To promote growth, there is twice as much nitrogen to phosphorus and potassium. Blood meal and manure are great organic sources of Nitrogen. Use a fertilizer with more phosphorus and potassium like bone meal fertilizer during the Winter to promote flowers and fruit.
The mandarin tree has few pests and problems. They are less attractive to birds and animals like squirrels than deciduous fruits.
The Satsuma mandarin tree does great in Los Angeles, Ventura, Santa Barbara, Riverside, Orange, and San Diego Counties.
Dancy Mandarin Tree
from $59.00
Overview of the Dancy Mandarin/Tangerine Tree
Dancy Mandarin trees are available in Standard, Semi-Dwarf, and Dwarf forms. The Semi-Dwarf and Standard varieties have a single trunk that branches out to form a canopy, while the Dwarf variety is topped low, resulting in a bush-like growth, making it ideal for pots. Although these citrus trees can grow over 20 feet tall, most gardeners prune them to keep them between 9 and 15 feet tall. For optimal growth, plant trees as close as 9 feet apart, allowing more space for larger growth. Dancy Mandarin trees are perfect for home gardens, serving as beautiful ornamentals while providing an abundance of fruit.
Planting, Watering, and Fertilizing a Mandarin Citrus Tree
Planting
Sunlight: Plant Dancy Mandarin trees in full sun for best growth and fruit production.
Soil: Use high-quality planting mix and fertilizer in well-draining soil.
Watering
Spring through Summer: Water newly planted mandarin trees twice per week.
Fall and Winter: Reduce watering to once per week in cooler weather. Trees in hot climates or sandy soils may require more frequent watering.
Fertilization
Spring and Summer Fertilization: Use a citrus food fertilizer with a 2-1-1 NPK ratio during spring and summer to promote growth, as nitrogen is essential for healthy foliage.
Organic Nitrogen Sources: Blood meal and manure are excellent organic sources of nitrogen.
Winter Fertilization: Apply fertilizers with more phosphorus and potassium, such as humus or bone meal, in winter to support flowering and fruit production.
Pest and Problem Management
The Dancy Mandarin tree is relatively low-maintenance and less attractive to birds and animals like squirrels, making it an easy-care option for home gardeners.
Ideal Growing Regions
This tree thrives in the warm climates of Southern California, particularly in counties like Los Angeles, Ventura, Santa Barbara, Riverside, Orange, and San Diego.
Nagami Kumquat Tree
from $59.00
The Nagami Kumquat tree is a hardy, evergreen citrus tree that can tolerate a wide range of temperatures. It thrives in USDA hardiness zones 8-11 and can also be grown in containers, allowing it to be moved indoors during cold weather. Being an evergreen tree, it retains its leaves throughout the year, making it a visually appealing addition to any garden.
Growing Conditions and Care
Temperature Tolerance: Nagami Kumquat trees can handle both warm and moderately cool temperatures. They are ideal for areas within hardiness zones 8-11.
Container Growing: The tree can be grown in containers, making it easier to move indoors during colder months or to provide optimal growing conditions in smaller spaces.
Soil and Watering: The tree prefers well-draining soil and should be watered regularly but not excessively. Ensure the soil stays moist but not waterlogged to avoid root issues.
Fertilization: Use a citrus fertilizer during the growing season to support healthy growth and fruit production.
Pruning: Pruning can be done as needed to maintain the desired shape and to promote healthy airflow within the tree.
Fruit Characteristics and Uses
Nagami Kumquats typically ripen during the winter months, providing fresh citrus during the colder season. The fruit is small, sweet, and sour, making it perfect for eating fresh or using in various culinary applications such as marmalade, jelly, or other preserves.
Additional Uses
Fruit: Can be eaten fresh or used to make marmalade, jelly, or preserves.
Leaves: The leaves can be harvested and used to make a fragrant and flavorful tea.
Summary
The Nagami Kumquat tree is a small but hardy citrus tree that is easy to care for and can tolerate a wide range of temperatures. Its sweet and sour fruit is ideal for fresh consumption or preserving, and the evergreen tree is a wonderful addition to any home garden or orchard, especially for fresh citrus during the winter months. The leaves can also be used for tea, adding another unique feature to this versatile tree.
Meiwa Kumquat Tree
from $59.00
Meiwa Kumquat trees are not as well-known as the more common Nagami variety. They produce rounder-shaped fruit with sweet flesh and no acidity, making them an excellent choice for those who prefer a less sour kumquat. Unlike Nagami Kumquats, Meiwa fruit has a mild, pleasant flavor.
Growth and Seasonal Behavior
Meiwa trees are semi-dormant in winter, allowing them to withstand temperatures below freezing. Their flowering season occurs during the summer, and the fruits reach maturity in late winter. The flesh of the fruit is light orange and contains a few seeds, but it is sweeter and less acidic compared to Nagami Kumquats.
Planting and Growing Conditions
Sunlight: Meiwa Kumquat trees thrive in full sun. Ensure they receive ample light for optimal growth and fruit production.
Soil: Well-draining soil is essential for preventing root rot and promoting healthy growth.
Watering: Regular watering is necessary, but make sure the soil is not waterlogged.
Pruning: Regular pruning helps keep the tree manageable in size, especially if you're growing it in a container or a small space.
Tree Size and Growth Rate
The Meiwa Kumquat tree is relatively slow-growing, making it a suitable option for container gardening. Due to its slow growth, Meiwa kumquat trees are typically sold in 5-gallon size containers. Regular pruning can also help control the size, allowing you to maintain a smaller, more manageable tree.
Plant Description
Size & Spacing
Planting
Sunlight
Watering
Fertilizing
Pruning
Pests
CITRUS TREE INFO
About
Citrus trees are one of the best parts of living in Southern California.
Lemons, Limes, Oranges, Mandarins, and Grapefruits are among the most popular fruit trees used in our beautiful state's landscapes and cuisines every day.
At Paradise Nursery, we grow citrus trees in 5, 15, and 25-gallon sizes in standard and semi-dwarf forms.
Standard trees have a single trunk with their canopy raised above the ground, and can grow over 15 feet tall. Semi-dwarf citrus trees can grow up to 15 feet tall and are pruned to grow with the canopy low to the ground, like a bush.
15-gallon is the most popular size for home orchards. They're about 3-5 ft tall with a 1-inch trunk when planted.
Smaller 5-gallon size are about 1-2 ft tall with a 1/2" caliper trunk. Larger 25 gallon / 24" Box sizes are typically 4-6 feet tall x 2 feet wide with a 2" trunk.
Most citrus trees are ripe in the winter. but some varieties are everbearing, or ripe in the summer. Plant lemons and lime near the BBQ and kitchen, create a home orchard, plant in containers, or just make an addition to your landscape.
Harvesting
To harvest the fruits of your labor, use pruning shears or sharp scissors to cut the stem close to the fruit, leaving a small piece of stem attached. Avoid pulling or twisting the fruit, as this can damage the fruit or the tree. Harvest when the fruit is at its peak ripeness, indicated by color and a slight softness to the touch. Most citrus trees produce spring flower blossoms in the late spring, and fruits are ripe in the winter and can stay on the tree into the following spring. Store citrus in a cool, dry place. Some varieties require refrigeration, while others do not.
Citrus Uses in Southern California Cuisine
Citrus fruits are used daily in Southern California. Whether it be in 5-star restaurants, hotels, or your own backyard. The most popular types of citrus are lemons, limes, oranges, mandarins, grapefruits, and kumquats. There are other specialty varieties, such as citron, Eureka lemons, Myer lemons, and Pink lemons. Eureka lemons are the most common lemons in Los Angeles. Eureka lemons are a staple in many dishes, including poultry, fish, and vegetible recipes. They're also a key ingredient in baking lemon bars, cakes, and pies, in addition to being useful for cleaning applications. Another popular variety is Meyer lemons, which have thin skin and a hint of sweetness. Pink lemons taste like the common Eureka lemon but have pink flesh and are beautifully variegated with leaves and skin on the fruit. Bears limes are the popular large Persian limes, but seedless. Mexican key limes are the smaller limes that are often seen yellow. Australian finger limes are long and thin, resembling a finger, with light green flesh that is caviar-sized and shaped. Kaffir limes are used in Thai cuisine.
The most popular iconic orange in Los Angeles is the Washington Navel Orange tree. The Valencia orange has thinner skin and is more tart, great for juicing. Moro blood oranges have red flesh and the most antioxidants. Cara cara oranges have pink flesh and have a very delicious, less acidic taste. Late lane navel oranges have a unique color and taste between cara cara orange and Washington navel orange. Honey and Tango mandarins are sweet, seedless, and easy to peel, marketed as Cutties in California when in season. Satsuma mandarins have puffy skin and little to no seeds. Dancy mandarins have a delicious, tangy-sweet flavor and few seeds. Kishu mini mandarins are the small, sweet, juicy mandarins found in Chinese salads. Page, Gold nugget, and Algerian mandarins are all sweet, juicy, and delicious.
Grapefruit trees grow relatively large. The Oroblanco produces the classic yellow skin, sweet and bitter flesh fruits. Rio red grapefruits have red flesh and blush on skin and a sweeter flavor. Ruby red is delicious, but a coastal variety. Pomelos are similar to grapefruits but less bitter. The Chandler pomelo tree produces yellow fruits, while the Valentine produces pink flesh fruits. Kumquat trees are relatively small. Nagami produces oblong-shaped fruits with tart flesh and sweet skin. The Meiwa produces fruits with sweet flesh and grows more slowly and stays smaller. At Paradise Nursery, we have some specialty citrus varieties like Sour oranges, Calamondin, Buddha's hand, Etrog, and Citrons.
Citrus trees spacing and size
In high-density and home orchards, plant citrus trees about 10 feet apart. Planting further apart or closer together will affect the number of trees in an orchard and their overall size.
Standard Citrus trees that are grown with a single trunk and the canopy raised above the ground can grow over 15 feet tall.
Semi-dwarf citrus trees can grow up to 15 feet tall, but can be kept smaller by spacing trees closer together, pruning, and restricting their growth through water or containers.
Plant citrus trees about 9 -12 feet apart from each other in home orchards. The tree's spacing will affect its overall size. Citrus trees need at least 5 hours of direct sunlight and well-draining soil for proper growth and fruit production.
Directions
Step One:
Soil and Planting: Plant in soil that drains well. Dig a hole that is as deep as the tree’s roots and at least twice as wide.
Step Two:
Place the tree in the hole and backfill around the plant’s roots with a mixture of the native soil and high-quality planting mix that has washed sand and organic fertilizer.
Step Three:
Create a basin around the roots drip zone so that water collects. Water deeply until the roots and nearby soil are saturated and reach field capacity.
Planting
To plant your tree, dig a hole twice as wide and as deep as the rootball container. Place the tree where the top of its roots are level with the ground and the trunk is at the center of the hole. Amend the soil you removed by combining it with a similar amount of planting mix. Use this soil mixture to backfill the hole and compact it. Build a wall around the base of the tree with the remaining soil left from the ground and spread a layer of planting mix directly above the plant's roots within the berm of the wall. Lastly, fill the area inside the ring with water until it's adequately saturated.
Understanding sunlight requirements is crucial for the successful growth and fruit production of fruit trees. Here's a brief instruction on sunlight requirements:
Full Sun Exposure:
Full Sun Exposure:
- Most fruit trees thrive in full sun, which typically means they need at least 6 to 8 hours of direct sunlight each day.
- Choose a planting location that receives ample sunlight throughout the day, preferably in a spot with southern or western exposure.
- Sunlight is essential for photosynthesis, the process by which plants convert sunlight into energy to fuel growth and fruit production.
- Adequate sunlight promotes healthy leaf development, flowering, and fruit ripening in fruit trees.
- Avoid planting fruit trees in areas with excessive shade from buildings, tall trees, or other structures, as this can inhibit growth and reduce fruit production.
- Trees planted in shaded areas may produce fewer fruits, have slower growth rates, and be more susceptible to diseases and pests.
- Ensure that fruit trees are spaced appropriately to allow sunlight to reach all parts of the tree, including the canopy, branches, and fruiting spurs.
- Prune surrounding trees or shrubs that may shade fruit trees and obstruct sunlight.
- Monitor changes in sunlight exposure throughout the year, as seasonal variations in sun angle and tree foliage can affect light availability.
- Adjust planting locations or prune surrounding vegetation as needed to maintain optimal sunlight exposure for fruit trees.
Watering
Proper watering is one of the most important factors that determine a citrus tree's overall health and fruit production.
The first element to take into consideration is frequency. Temperature, humidity, wind speed, soil type, and plant health can all affect how frequently you should be watering. Best practices are to provide water once per week in the early spring and then twice per week in late spring. Increase the frequency in the summer and reduce it in the fall and winter.
The second factor to take into consideration is the amount of water you provide to your plants. The amount of water you should provide depends on the tree's size, soil type, and moisture. Generally, a 5-gallon size requires 3-5 gallons of water every irrigation session. 15-gallon sizes need 10-15 gallons of water, and larger trees need more.
Automatic irrigation systems increase efficiency by ensuring consistent watering times and amounts by reducing operator error. The duration a system should run depends on the flow rate. To determine your flow rate, collect the water over a set timeframe, or use a 2-4 GPM bubbler. Bubblers are very commonly used for fruit trees, but people also use drip and sprinkler systems.
Instructions on watering fruit trees:
Establishment Period:
- During the first year after planting, fruit trees require regular watering to establish strong root systems.
- Water newly planted fruit trees deeply and frequently, providing enough moisture to keep the soil consistently moist but not waterlogged.
Frequency of Watering:
- In general, fruit trees should be watered deeply once or twice a week, depending on soil type, weather conditions, and tree species.
- Adjust the frequency of watering based on rainfall, temperature, and soil moisture levels to prevent both under-watering and over-watering.
Watering Depth:
- Water fruit trees deeply to encourage deep root growth and drought tolerance.
- Apply water slowly and evenly to ensure that it penetrates the soil to a depth of at least 12 to 18 inches.
Watering Technique:
- Use drip irrigation, soaker hoses, or watering bags to deliver water directly to the root zone of fruit trees, minimizing water loss through evaporation and runoff.
- Avoid overhead watering, as it can promote fungal diseases and waste water by spraying foliage instead of reaching the root system.
Timing of Watering:
- Water fruit trees in the early morning or late afternoon to reduce water loss through evaporation and minimize stress on the trees during the hottest part of the day.
- Avoid watering fruit trees during windy or extremely hot conditions, as water may evaporate quickly before it can be absorbed by the roots.
Monitoring Soil Moisture:
- Monitor soil moisture regularly by checking soil moisture levels with a moisture meter or by conducting a simple soil moisture test using your finger.
- Adjust watering practices based on soil moisture levels and weather conditions to ensure that fruit trees receive adequate moisture throughout the growing season.
Drought Conditions:
- During periods of drought or prolonged dry spells, increase the frequency and duration of watering to prevent drought stress and maintain tree health.
- Consider applying a layer of mulch around the base of fruit trees to conserve soil moisture and reduce water loss through evaporation.
By following these watering instructions, you can help ensure that your fruit trees receive the moisture they need to thrive and produce healthy, abundant fruit.
Fertilizing
"NPK" stands for NITROGEN, PHOSPHORUS & POTASSIUM. These are the three main macronutrients required by plants to grow. The amounts of each nutrient are represented numerically on the label. Apply a fertilizer with equal NPK or a higher ratio of Nitrogen to phosphorus and potassium in the spring to promote plant growth. Use a fertilizer with a higher ratio of phosphorus and potassium to nitrogen in the winter or before plants flower to improve yields. Use 8-4-4 every 3 months from spring (March-April) through the fall. Use 3-12-12 Harvest Booster before plants flower or during winter dormancy (December-January). Apply 1 cup (150 grams) for every 1-inch diameter of the trunk, for a 15-gallon size. Apply 2 cups (300 grams) for every 2-inch diameter of the trunk or 25-gallon size.
To apply fertilizer, till the top layer of the soil to create a ring/berm/wall around the trunk. Spread fertilizer above the roots, avoiding the trunk, and provide water to incorporate the fertilizer into the soil.
Pruning
The size and shape of your citrus trees will depend on the cuts you've made in the past, which will also determine the tree's future growth. To effectively prune your citrus trees, first, you'll need to locate the tree's main trunk starting from the ground and lateral branches. Remove any dry branches, twigs, leaves, suckers, or water sprouts. Try to create an open center and balanced, symmetrical canopy.
You could also "Top" the plant. This is when you cut the main trunk of the plant early on to promote lateral growth instead of vertical growth. This is advantageous for fruit production because it will often provide larger yields.
Instructions on pruning fruit trees:
Timing of Pruning:
- Prune fruit trees during the dormant season, typically in late winter to early spring before new growth begins.
- Avoid pruning fruit trees during periods of active growth or in late fall, as it may stimulate new growth that is vulnerable to winter damage.
Tools and Equipment:
- Use sharp, clean pruning tools, such as hand pruners, loppers, and pruning saws, to make clean cuts and minimize the risk of disease transmission.
- Disinfect pruning tools between each tree to prevent the spread of pathogens.
Objectives of Pruning:
- Remove dead, diseased, or damaged branches to improve the overall health and appearance of the fruit tree.
- Thin out crowded or crossing branches to improve air circulation and sunlight penetration within the canopy.
- Shape the tree to promote an open, well-structured canopy that allows for even fruit production and easy harvesting.
Pruning Techniques:
- Begin by removing any dead, diseased, or broken branches, making clean cuts just outside the branch collar (the swollen area where the branch meets the trunk).
- Thin out excessive growth by selectively removing crowded or crossing branches to allow for better light and air distribution.
- Use heading cuts to prune back overly vigorous branches to encourage branching and promote fruiting wood formation.
- Consider the fruiting habit of the tree species when pruning, as some fruit trees produce fruit on spurs (short, stubby branches) while others bear fruit on new growth.
Training Young Trees:
- Train young fruit trees by selectively pruning to establish a strong, well-balanced framework of scaffold branches.
- Encourage outward growth by pruning back inward-growing branches and removing competing leaders to maintain a central leader or open-center shape.
Considerations for Different Tree Species:
- Different fruit tree species may have specific pruning requirements based on their growth habits, fruiting patterns, and desired form.
- Research the specific pruning needs of the fruit tree species you are growing and tailor your pruning practices accordingly.
Monitoring and Maintenance:
- Monitor the fruit tree throughout the growing season for any additional pruning needs, such as removing water sprouts or suckers that may develop.
- Regularly inspect the tree for signs of pests, diseases, or other issues that may require pruning intervention.
By following these pruning instructions, you can help maintain the health, productivity, and appearance of your fruit trees for optimal growth and fruit production.
Instructions on pest management for fruit trees:
- Monitor for Pests:
- Regularly inspect fruit trees for signs of pest infestation, such as chewed leaves, distorted growth, or the presence of insects or larvae.
- Keep an eye out for common fruit tree pests, including aphids, scale insects, mites, caterpillars, and fruit flies.
- Cultural Practices:
- Maintain good cultural practices, such as proper pruning, watering, and fertilizing, to promote healthy, resilient fruit trees that are better able to withstand pest attacks.
- Remove and destroy any fallen fruit, leaves, or other plant debris that may harbor pests or disease pathogens.
- Natural Predators:
- Encourage natural predators of pests, such as ladybugs, lacewings, and predatory wasps, by providing habitat and avoiding the use of broad-spectrum pesticides that may harm beneficial insects.
- Plant flowering plants nearby to attract pollinators and beneficial insects that help control pest populations.
- Physical Barriers:
- Install physical barriers, such as tree wraps or trunk guards, to protect fruit trees from crawling pests like ants and rodents.
- Use floating row covers or netting to exclude flying insects, birds, and other pests from accessing fruit trees.
- Biological Control:
- Consider using biological control methods, such as releasing beneficial nematodes or predatory insects, to target specific pests while minimizing harm to non-target organisms.
- Introduce parasitic wasps, predatory mites, or other natural enemies of pest insects to help control populations without the need for chemical pesticides.
- Integrated Pest Management (IPM):
- Implement an integrated pest management (IPM) approach that combines multiple pest control strategies, including cultural, biological, physical, and chemical methods, to effectively manage pest populations while minimizing environmental impact.
- Monitor pest populations regularly and use thresholds to determine when intervention is necessary, prioritizing the use of non-chemical control methods whenever possible.
- Selective Pesticide Use:
- Use chemical pesticides as a last resort and only when non-chemical methods have proven ineffective or when pest populations exceed acceptable thresholds.
- Selectively choose pesticides that are least harmful to beneficial insects, pollinators, and the environment, and follow label instructions carefully to minimize risks to human health and the ecosystem.
